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In total, 1446 Antarctic and subantarctic teleosts were examined for nematodes. One species, Ascarophis nototheniae Johnston et Mawson, 1945, is reported. New data on the biometrical variability and the occurrence or absence of this species are given. Three areas of the West Antarctic (the South Shetland Islands, South Georgia and South Orkneys) as well as three areas of the East Antarctic (Davis Sea, Weddell Sea and off Adelie Land) are new geographical localities for this nematode species. Also, 21 fish species represent new host records for A. nototheniae. Two predatory channichthyid species, Chaenocephalus aceratus and Cryodraco antarcticus are the most strongly infected fishes in all examined areas, except the Weddell Sea.