The systematic revision of the feather mite family Syringobiidae Trouessart, 1896 was carried out on a basis of the type material and numerous samples collected all over the world. The family diagnosis is now improved and completed. Juvenile stages and egg chorions are incorporated into taxa diagnoses for the first time in feather mites. All species are re-diagnosed with simultaneous critical re-examination of host-mite associations. The taxonomic status of three enigmatic "Syringobia" species known previously on the basis of nymphal stages only is clarified: Syringobia tringae Vitzthum, 1922 is reassigned to the genus Sikyonemus as a senior synonym of Sikyonemus binotatus Vasyukova et Mironov, 1986; Syringobia calidridis Oudemans, 1904 is reassigned to the genus Sikyonemus as a senior synonym of Sikyonemus dubinini Vasyukova et Mironov, 1986, and Syringobia totani Oudemans, 1904 is reassigned to Phyllochaeta as a junior synonym of Phyllochaeta bouveti (Megnin et Trouessart, 1884b). The species Thecarthra theca is redescribed. Two new genera are established: Raineria gen. nov., and Paidoplutarchusia gen. nov. Twenty new species are described. Key to the world fauna of Syringobiidae is supplied.